Chapter 5 Terms

Return to Chapter Terms

Chapter 05 - Volcanism; Rock Types; Geologic Dating; Weathering and Erosion; Faulting; Landscape Patterns; Aquifers; and Caves

Physical geology

Historical geology

Great Ice Age

Age of Dinosaurs

Rock

Topography

Mineral

Crystal

Rock types

Sedimentary Rock

Igneous Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Rock Cycle

Ignis

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Plutonic Igneous Rock

Granite

Gabbro

Pluton

Sill

Dike

Rock Crystal

Crystalline Rock

Aphanitic Rock

Aphanes

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Volcanic cone

Fissure Flow

Basalt

Rhyolite

Andesite

Pumice

Vesicle

Obsidian

Volcanic bombs

Pyroclastic

Silica

Diatoms

Fina Sisu Volcanic Formation (Saipan)

Mt. Atchugao Volcanic Formation (Saipan)

Denni Hills Volcanic Formation (Saipan)

Bird Island & Bird Island Overlook Volcanic Formation (Saipan)

Talakaya Volcanic Formation (Rota)

Sabana Volcanic Formation (Rota)

Banaderon Lemmai Volcanic Formation (Tinian)

Sabanetan Mangpang Volcanic Formation (Tinian)

Cementation

Lithification

Sediment

Sedimentation

Stratification

Layering

Forbidden Island

Stratified Rocks

Unconsolidated Rock

Rock Strata

Stratum

Clastic

Detrital

Conglomerate

Precipitate

Gypsum

Halite

Biochemical Chemical Sediment

Organic Chemical Sediment

Coal

Coquina

Fossiliferous limestone

Ripple mark

Crossbedding

Fossils

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate

CaC0₃

Acid

Carbon Dioxide

C0₂

Acid Test

Porous

Marble

Metamorphism

Crustal Intrusion

Geomorphology

V-shaped Valleys

Notch

Bite mark

Pitted

Charles Lyell

Volcanism

Shield volcano

Cinder cone

Cinder

Volcanic bomb

Composite volcano

Stratovolcano

Fault

Fracture

Earthquake fault

Normal fault

Sea level change

Glacial period

Interglacial period

Interglacial

Global warming

Greenhouse gases

Isostacy

Eustacy

Ice age

Cliff

Terrace

Wave notching

Bioerosional notching

Bench

Cliff and terrace system

Notching

Holocene High Stand

Weathering

Erosion

Tropical climate

Bioerosion

Stream

Parrot fish

Rock-boring sea urchin

Carbonic acid

Karst Landscape

Caverns

Caves

Disappearing stream

Sinkhole

Pinnacle

Surface pitting

Sponge karst

Mass-wasting

Rockslide

Rockfall

Slumping

Soil creep

Landslide

Sheet erosion

Fossil

Paleontology

Uniformitarianism

The Principles of Geology: Being An Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth’s Surface, by Reference to Causes now in Operation

Ancient Habitats

Marine Fossils

Theory of Organic Evolution

Correlation

Unconformity

Geologic time scale

Era

Epoch

Period

Chronological order

Law of Superposition

Radioactive mineral

Uranium-235

Carbon-14

Ancient Greek

Ancient Latin

Dead language

Palaio

Zoe

Cenozoic Era

Mesozoic Era

Paleozoic Era

Proterozoic Era

Archeozoic Era

Precambrian time

Periods

Permian Period

Pennsylvanian Period

Mississippian Period

Devonian Period

Silurian Period

Ordovician Period

Cambrian Period

Cretaceous Period

Jurassic Period

Triassic Period

Quaternary Period

Tertiary Period

Formation

Geologic Formation

Tapotchau Limestone

Groundwater

Springs

Permeable

Sandstone

Aquifer

Impermeable

Zone of saturation

Water table

Drought

Basal groundwater

High-level groundwater

Perched groundwater

Ghyben-Herzberg lens

Brackish water

Seep

Donni spring

Capital Hill, Saipan

Water Cave, Rota

Oxidation

Zone of oxidation

Rust

Carbonic acid

Carbon

Rainwater

Hard water

Cave

Cavern

Deposition

Travertine

Calcite

Stalactite

Soda straw

Curtains

Concentric banding

Stalagmite

Column

Flowstone

Last Updated 2/1/2013